5 Hereditary Conditions That Can Affect Your Gynecological Health

 There are at least 384 genes linked to one or more female reproductive system disorders, so when it comes to gynecological health, your family history can be invaluable.

At Dunwoody OB/GYN, LLC, we believe that understanding your genetic risks is the first step toward prevention, early detection, and peace of mind. Here, our expert gynecologists Alvin Sermons, MD, and Lisa Price, MD, outline five hereditary conditions that might impact your reproductive health and discuss what you can do about them.

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is one of the most frequently diagnosed hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age. It often runs in families, suggesting a significant genetic component. If your mother or sister has PCOS, your chances of developing it may be higher.

Women with PCOS typically experience metrorrhagia (irregular menstrual cycles), acne, excessive hair growth, and difficulty losing weight. The condition can also make it harder to get pregnant due to irregular ovulation.

We use a combination of medical history, hormone testing, and ultrasound imaging to diagnose PCOS. Treatment focuses on restoring hormonal balance through lifestyle modifications, birth control pills, or medications that promote ovulation for those trying to conceive.

Early diagnosis can also reduce long-term risks like diabetes and heart disease.

2. Endometriosis

Endometriosis develops when tissue similar to your uterine lining (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, causing inflammation, pain, and sometimes infertility. Research shows that women with a mother or sister who has endometriosis are at least 10% more likely to develop it themselves.

Symptoms include pelvic pain during periods, pain with intercourse, and heavy bleeding. Unfortunately, many women go years without a diagnosis because these symptoms are often mistaken for normal menstrual discomfort.

We offer minimally invasive diagnostic techniques and personalized treatment options, including hormone therapy, pain management, and laparoscopic surgery, to help control symptoms and preserve fertility.

3. Ovarian and breast cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations)

Certain inherited gene mutations, especially BRCA1 and BRCA2, significantly increase breast and ovarian cancer risk. These genes normally help repair damaged DNA, but when they mutate, they can’t properly control cell growth, leading to cancer.

If multiple women in your family have been diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer — particularly if they were under 50 — it’s important to talk to us about genetic testing. We guide you through the testing process, interpret your results, and help you decide on proactive next steps.

Depending on your genetic profile, preventive strategies may include enhanced screening (such as MRI and transvaginal ultrasound), medications that reduce risk, or preventive surgery. Knowing your BRCA status empowers you to make informed decisions about your health before cancer has a chance to develop.

4. Lynch syndrome

Lynch syndrome, or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), increases the risk of endometrial (uterine), ovarian, and other cancers. Women with Lynch syndrome have a 40–60% lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer, which is much higher than average.

This genetic disorder results from inherited mutations that affect the body’s ability to repair DNA. If your family has a history of colon, uterine, or ovarian cancer, your doctor may recommend genetic counseling or testing for Lynch syndrome.

We work closely with genetic specialists to evaluate your risk and design a personalized prevention plan. Regular screenings and proactive monitoring can dramatically improve outcomes for women with this condition.

5. Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI)

Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency is a lesser-known hereditary condition that affects the ovaries’ ability to function properly. It’s caused by a specific genetic change in the FMR1 gene and can lead to irregular or absent periods, infertility, and early menopause (before age 40).

If women in your family have experienced premature ovarian failure or infertility without a clear explanation, FXPOI could be a factor. Genetic testing can help confirm the diagnosis and guide family planning decisions.

We provide comprehensive fertility evaluations and can connect you with reproductive endocrinology specialists for further management and support.

Taking charge of your reproductive health

Understanding your hereditary risks allows you to take proactive steps to protect yourself with regular screenings, lifestyle adjustments, and/or early interventions. Whether you have a known family history of one of these conditions or just want to better understand your risks, we’re here to guide you.

Schedule a visit with Dunwoody OB/GYN, LLC, by phone or online to discuss your family history and learn how we can help you safeguard your reproductive health for years to come.